资源类型

期刊论文 280

会议视频 18

年份

2024 2

2023 22

2022 38

2021 26

2020 19

2019 18

2018 26

2017 17

2016 15

2015 21

2014 11

2013 14

2012 14

2011 8

2010 7

2009 7

2008 10

2007 6

2006 5

2005 1

展开 ︾

关键词

新一代智能制造 10

人工智能 6

2022全球十大工程成就 4

基本范式 4

发电 3

新一代人工智能 3

2021全球十大工程成就 2

信息技术 2

先进反应堆 2

制造业 2

压水堆 2

多联产 2

燃煤发电 2

能源 2

风力发电 2

高性能制造 2

(美国) 核管理委员会 1

2022全球工程前沿 1

2035 1

展开 ︾

检索范围：

排序： 展示方式：

A rain-on-snow mixed flood forecast model and its application

Jian WU, Lan LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 440-444 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0051-0

摘要： Based on summarizing the rule of rainstorm and snowmelt mixed flood, the structure of rain-on-snow runoff-generation is discussed; and critical temperature is used to determine the form of precipitation and snowmelt factor, taking into account rainfall volume of snowmelt. A rain-on-snow flood forecast model is developed by combining LL-Ⅰdistributed hydrology model. The Kalangguer River, an internal river in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, is taken for example. It is indicated that the model has a higher precision of forecasting; its determinacy coefficient is greater than 0.80.

关键词： Xinjiang Autonomous     forecasting     hydrology     temperature     rain-on-snow runoff-generation    

HTML PDF 收藏

Pesticides in stormwater runoff−A mini review

Cheng Chen, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1150-3

摘要： • The sources and pathways of pesticides into stormwater runoff were diverse. • Factors affecting pesticides in stormwater runoff were critically reviewed. • Pesticides mitigation strategies were included in this review. • The current knowledge gap of the pesticides in stormwater runoff was identified. Recently, scientific interest has grown in harvesting and treating stormwater for potable water use, in order to combat the serious global water scarcity issue. In this context, pesticides have been identified as the key knowledge gap as far as reusing stormwater is concerned. This paper reviewed the presence of pesticides in stormwater runoff in both rural and urban areas. Specifically, the sources of pesticide contamination and possible pathways were investigated in this review. Influential factors affecting pesticides in stormwater runoff were critically identified as: 1) characteristics of precipitation, 2) properties of pesticide, 3) patterns of pesticides use, and 4) properties of application surface. The available pesticide mitigation strategies including best management practice (BMP), low impact development (LID), green infrastructure (GI) and sponge city (SC) were also included in this paper. In the future, large-scale multi-catchment studies that directly evaluate pesticide concentrations in both urban and rural stormwater runoff will be of great importance for the development of effective pesticides treatment approaches and stormwater harvesting strategies.

关键词： Pesticide     Stormwater runoff     Occurrence     Urban runoff    

HTML PDF 收藏

Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

WANG Lihong, HUANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Qing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 364-369 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0053-5

摘要： Seed germination of plants with various acid-resistance display different responses to acid rain. To understand the reason why such differences occur, the effects of simulated acid rain (pH 2.5–5.0) on the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) during seed germination of rice (), wheat (), and rape ( var. ) were investigated. Results indicated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain, was in the order: rice (28.8%, 31.7%) < wheat (34.7%, 48.3%) < rape (79.3%, 50.0%). The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause significant difference ( < 0.05) was in the order: rice (3.5) > wheat (4.0) > rape (5.0). Moreover, the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT, which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT. The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germination indexes of these three species behaved differently.
HTML PDF 收藏

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

Hongwei Yu,Junrong Shao,Huawei Jia,Diga Gang,Baiwen Ma,Chengzhi Hu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.007

摘要： Microplastics (MPs; < 5 mm) have become one of the most prominent global environmental pollution problems. MPs can spread to high altitudes through atmospheric transport and can be deposited by rainfall or snowfall, potentially threatening the structure and function of natural ecosystems. MPs in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems alter the growth and functional characteristics of organisms. However, little attention has been given to the possible harm associated with MPs deposited in snow, particularly in the context of global climate warming. MPs collected from surface snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China, were used for quantitative analysis and identification. The results showed that MPs were easily detected, and the related concentration was approximately 68 ± 10–199 ± 22 MPs·L−1 in snow samples. Fibers were the most common morphology, the polymer composition was largely varied, and the abundance and composition of MPs were linked to human activity to a great extent. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the composition and abundance of microorganisms also differed in snow samples from areas with different MP pollution characteristics, indicating a considerable difference in microbial functional diversity. MPs may have an interference effect on the individual growth and functional expression of microorganisms in snow. In addition, the results showed that functional living areas (e.g., landfills and suburban areas) in cities play an important role in the properties of MPs. For instance, the highest abundance of MPs was found in thermal power plants, whereas the abundance of polymers per sample was significantly lower in landfills. The MP contaminants hidden in snow can alter microbial structure and function and are therefore a potential threat to ecosystem health.

关键词： Human activities     Snow     Microplastics     Microbial community     Urban function     Environmental effect    

HTML PDF 收藏

Initial impacts of rain gardens’ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer: field-scale

Isam Alyaseri, Jianpeng Zhou, Susan M. Morgan, Andrew Bartlett

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0988-5

摘要： Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benefit onsite reduction of stormwater runoff, leading to reduced combined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the impact of rain gardens on the water quality and volume reduction of storm runoff from urban streets in a combined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. The impact was assessed through a comparison between the pre-construction (2011/2012) and the post-construction (2014) phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of mercury was lower than the detection level in both phases. was the only parameter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in monitored water quality parameters is that the post-construction sampling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from soil erosion and wash-out from the mulch. However, the levels of most of water quality parameters decreased in the following time period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volume reduction of stormwater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of measured flows resulted from low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens     Bioretention     Combined sewer     Stormwater quality and quantity    

HTML PDF 收藏

Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes

Qian Wang, Qionghua Zhang, Mawuli Dzakpasu, Nini Chang, Xiaochang Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1091-x

摘要：

Ratio of turbidity and TSS (Tur/TSS) was used to characterize PSD of stormwater particles.

Pb and Zn preferred to accumulate in finer RDS, while Cu, Cr and Ni in coarser RDS.

HMs pollution in stormwater particles increased linearly with Tur/TSS.

Dissolvability of HMs and PSD variations contribute to the differences between RDS and stormwater.

关键词： Road-deposited sediment     Stormwater runoff     Heavy metal     Particle size     Pollution variation    

HTML PDF 收藏

Advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China

Haifeng JIA, Hairong YAO, Shaw L. YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 709-720 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0557-5

摘要： China is at present experiencing a very rapid urbanization process, which has brought a number of adverse impacts upon the water environment. In particular, urban runoff quantity and quality control have emerged as one of the key concerns for municipal officials. One of the strategies being considered is the use of a Low Impact Development type of Best Management Practices (LID BMPs) for urban storm water runoff quantity and quality control. In this paper, the situation surrounding urban runoff control in China is reviewed first. Then the conventional strategy and technologies for the construction and management of urban drainage systems are discussed, while exploring their inherent dilemmas. The LID BMPs are then introduced to control urban runoff in the context of urban sustainable water systems. After the comprehensive analysis of the various LID BMPs, the advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China are investigated and summarized. At last, the difficulties of implementing LID BMPs in China are discussed, and a direction for the future is proposed.

关键词： urbanization     urban runoff control     Low Impact Development type of Best Management Practices (LID BMPs)     China    

HTML PDF 收藏

Removal of non-point pollutants from bridge runoff by a hydrocyclone using natural water head

Jianghua YU, Yeonseok KIM, Youngchul KIM

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 886-895 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0449-0

摘要： A hydrocyclone using natural water head provided by bridge was operated for the treatment of stormwater runoff. The hydrocyclone was automatically controlled using electronic valve which is connected to a pressure meter. Normally the hydrocyclone was open during dry days, but it was closed after the capture of the first flush. The results indicated that the average pressure and the flow rate were directly affected by the rainfall intensity. The pressure head was more than 2 m when the rainfall intensity was above 5 mm·h . The percentage volume of underflow with high solids concentration decreased as the pressure and flow rate increased, but the percentage volume of overflow with almost no solids showed the opposite behavior. The total suspended solids (TSS) concentration ratio between the overflow and inflow (TSS /TSS ) decreased as a function of the operational pressure, while the corresponding ratio of underflow to inflow (TSS /TSS ) increased. The TSS separation efficiency was evaluated based on a mass balance. It ranged from 25% to 99% with the pressure head ranging from 1.4 to 9.7 m, and it was proportional to pressure and flow rate. Normally, the efficiency was more than 50% when the pressure was higher than 2 m. The analysis of the water budget indicated that around 13% of the total runoff was captured by the hydrocyclone as a first flush, and this runoff was separated as underflow and overflow with the respective percentage volumes of 29% and 71%. The pollutants budget was also examined based on a mass balance. The results showed that the percentage of TSS, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in underflow were 73%, 59%, 7.6%, and 49%, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrocyclone worked well. It separated the first flush as solids-concentrated underflow and solids-absent overflow, and effectively reduced the runoff volume needing further treatment. Finally, four types of optional post treatment design are presented and compared.

关键词： first flush     hydrocyclone     non-point pollution     removal efficiency     stormwater runoff    

HTML PDF 收藏

Analysis of rainfall runoff characteristics from a subtropical urban lawn catchment in South-east China

Jinliang HUANG, Zhenshun TU, Pengfei DU, Qingsheng LI, Jie LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 531-539 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0287-x

摘要： Characteristics of rainfall runoff from a 3.26?hm urban catchment with predominant land-use as lawn in Xiamen City, South-east China were investigated and analyzed. Water quality and quantity measurements of rainfall runoff were conducted for ten rainfall events over the period March, 2008 to April, 2009. The results indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) were the major pollutants with event mean concentrations of 56.09 and 0.44 mg·L . From hydrograph and pollutograph analysis of two typical rainfall events, it was clear that the peak rainfall preceded the peak flowrate by about 15–20 min. Meanwhile, concentrations of major pollutants showed multiple peaks and these peaks usually preceded peak flowrate. There were no distinctive first-flush effects except for the rainfall events with the longest rainfall duration and largest runoff volume, which was verified by the fact that the first 30% runoff volume (FF30) carried 39.36% of the total suspended solids (TSS) load, 35.17% of the COD load, 28.13% of the TP load and 39.03% of the nitrate nitrogen load. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the total runoff volume had a positive correlation with the FF30 of TSS and COD.

关键词： rainfall runoff     first flush     pollution characteristics     urban lawn catchment    

HTML PDF 收藏

ENHANCING RAINFALL-RUNOFF POLLUTION MODELING BY INCORPORATION OF NEGLECTED PHYSICAL PROCESSES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 553-565 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023519

摘要：

The growing need to mitigate rainfall-runoff pollution, especially first flush, calls for accurate quantification of pollution load and the refined understanding of its spatial-temporal variation. The wash-off model has advantages in modeling rainfall-runoff pollution due to the inclusion of two key physical processes, build-up and wash-off. However, this disregards pollution load from wet precipitation and the relationship between rainfall and runoff, leading to uncertainties in model outputs. This study integrated the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) into the wash-off model and added pollutant load from wet precipitation to enhance the rainfall-runoff pollution modeling. The enhanced wash-off model was validated in a typical rural-residential area. The results showed that the model performed better than the established wash-off model and the commonly-used event mean concentrations method, and identified two different modes of pollution characteristics dominated by land pollution and rainfall pollution, respectively. In addition, the model simulated more accurate pollutant concentrations at high-temporal-resolution. From this, it was found that 12% of the total runoff contained 80% to 95% of the total load for chemical oxygen demand, total N, and total P, whereas it contained only 15% of the total load for NH4+-N. The enhanced model can provide deeper insights into non-point pollution mitigation.

关键词： Erhai Lake     field experiment     non-point source     pollution load     rainfall runoff     wash-off model    

HTML PDF 收藏

Delivering food safety

Kaye BASFORD,Richard BENNETT,Joanne DALY,Mary Ann AUGUSTIN,Snow BARLOW,Tony GREGSON,Alice LEE,Deli CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016123

摘要： A delegation from the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering traveled to Beijing in April 2016 to jointly run a workshop on technology advances in food safety with the Chinese Academy of Engineering. This brief summary from the Australian delegation identifies the pyramid of inter- locking issues which must be addressed to deliver food safety. Systems and technology provide the necessary base, on which culture and then trust can be built to facilitate the delivery of food safety now and in the future.

关键词： culture     food safety     systems     technology     trust    

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess

Shufang WU, Pute WU, Hao FENG, G. P. Merkley

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0282-x

摘要： An evaluation of the interactions between vegetation, overland and soil erosion can provide valuable insight for the conservation of soil and water. An experiment was conducted to study water infiltration, runoff generation process, rate of sediment erosion, and hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow from a sloping hillside with different draw-off discharges from alfalfa and control plots with 20° slope. The effect of alfalfa on runoff and sediment transport reduction was quantitatively analyzed. Alfalfa was discussed for its ability to reduce the overland flow scouring force or change the runoff movement. Compared to the bare-soil plots, alfalfa plots generated a 1.77 times increase in infiltration rate. Furthermore, the down-slope water infiltration rate for the bare soil plots was higher than in the up-slope, while the opposite was found in the alfalfa plots. In addition, alfalfa had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield. In comparison to the control, the runoff coefficient and sediment transportation rate decreased by 28.3% and 78.4% in the grass slope, respectively. The runoff generated from the alfalfa and bare-soil plots had similar trends with an initial increase and subsequent leveling to a steady-state rate. The transport of sediment reduced with time as a consequence of the depletion of loose surface materials. The maximum sediment concentration was recorded within the first few minutes of each event. The alfalfa plots had subcritical flow while the bare-soil plots had supercritical flow, which indicate that the capability of the alfalfa slope for resisting soil erosion and sediment movement was greater than for bare soil plots. Moreover, the flow resistance coefficient and roughness coefficient for the alfalfa plots were both higher than for the bare-soil plots, which indicate that overland flow in alfalfa plots had retarded and was blocked, and the flow energy along the runoff path had gradually dissipated. Finally, the ability to erode and transport sediment had decreased.

关键词： alfalfa     soil erosion     runoff and sedimentation     soil water infiltration     overland flow     hydrodynamic characteristics    

HTML PDF 收藏

南极机场冰雪跑道工程技术发展现状与展望

孙波,唐学远,肖恩照,时小松,程绪宇,李霖,魏福海,张体军

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第2期   页码 161-168 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.022

摘要：

世界强国针对南极科技前沿、地缘政治、开发利用权益的争夺趋于激烈。我国建设和运营南极航空基础设施，有利于提升我国在南极的综合影响力、扩大南极科学考察规模、满足人员和物资快速投送需求，战略发展价值突出。本文较全面地分析了南极机场建设现状，凝练了我国开展冰雪机场建设面临的技术挑战；解析了极地科考强国在南极机场冰雪跑道建设方面的工程技术体系，据此梳理我国开展南极机场冰雪跑道建设所需掌握的重点技术。研究表明，我国未来的南极大型机场跑道建设，涉及的工程技术体系应涵盖三大工程步骤（机场跑道选址、道面材料设计、道面人工处理）和 1 项核心技术（压实雪层技术）。结合我国南极科学考察创新发展对航空运输能力建设的顶层需求，论证提出重点研究方向：机场选址及建设的自然环境条件研究，压实雪层技术，冰雪跑道施工装备技术，机场运行指挥监测体系设计。

关键词： 南极机场     冰雪跑道     机场选址     压实雪层     施工装备    

HTML PDF 收藏

Integrated uncertain models for runoff forecasting and crop planting structure optimization of the Shiyang

Fan ZHANG, Mo LI, Shanshan GUO, Chenglong ZHANG, Ping GUO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 177-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017177

摘要： To improve the accuracy of runoff forecasting, an uncertain multiple linear regression (UMLR) model is presented in this study. The proposed model avoids the transfer of random error generated in the independent variable to the dependent variable, as this affects prediction accuracy. On this basis, an inexact two-stage stochastic programming (ITSP) model is used for crop planting structure optimization (CPSO) with the inputs that are interval flow values under different probabilities obtained from the UMLR model. The developed system, in which the UMLR model for runoff forecasting and the ITSP model for crop planting structure optimization are integrated, is applied to a real case study. The aim of the developed system is to optimize crops planting area with limited available water resources base on the downstream runoff forecasting in order to obtain the maximum system benefit in the future. The solution obtained can demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of the developed system, and help decision makers to identify reasonable crop planting structure under multiple uncertainties.

关键词： crop planting structure optimization     inexact two-stage stochastic programming     runoff forecasting     Shiyang River Basin     uncertain multiple linear regression    

HTML PDF 收藏

一种用于淮河上游日径流预测的增强型LSTM模型 Article

满媛媛, 杨勤丽, 邵俊明, 王国庆, 白林龙, 薛运宏

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期   页码 230-239 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.022

摘要：

径流预测对防洪具有重要意义。然而，由于径流过程的复杂性和随机性，很难准确预测日径流量，尤其是洪峰径流量。为此，本研究提出了一种用于日径流预测的增强型长短期记忆（LSTM）模型，其中集成了特征提取器并引入了新的损失函数。具体而言，为每个气象站建立由三个LSTM网络组成的特征提取器，旨在提取每个气象站输入数据的时间特征。此外，两个损失函数[ peak error tanh（PET）、peak error swish（PES）]用来增强峰值径流预测的权重，同时减少正常径流预测的权重。本研究以中国淮河流域上游为研究对象，利用增强型LSTM模型进行1960—2016 年的日径流预测。结果表明，增强型LSTM模型表现良好，纳什效率系数（NSE）在验证期（2005 年11 月至2016 年12 月）达到了0.917~0.924，优于广泛使用的集总式水文模型（AWBM、Sacramento、SimHyd、Tank Model）和数据驱动模型[人工神经网络（ANN）、支持向量回归（SVR）、门控循环单元（GRU）]。以PES 作为损失函数的增强型LSTM在极端径流预测方面表现最佳，在洪水期间的平均NSE为0.873。此外，海拔较高的气象站的降水比距离出水口最近的气象站对径流预测的影响更大。该研究可为流域日径流预测提供有效工具，为流域防洪和水安全管理提供技术支持。

关键词： 径流预测     长短期记忆网络     淮河上游流域     极端径流     损失函数    

HTML PDF 收藏

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A rain-on-snow mixed flood forecast model and its application

Jian WU, Lan LI,

期刊论文

Pesticides in stormwater runoff−A mini review

Cheng Chen, Wenshan Guo, Huu Hao Ngo

期刊论文

Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

WANG Lihong, HUANG Xiaohua, ZHOU Qing

期刊论文

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

Hongwei Yu,Junrong Shao,Huawei Jia,Diga Gang,Baiwen Ma,Chengzhi Hu,

期刊论文

Initial impacts of rain gardens’ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer: field-scale

Isam Alyaseri, Jianpeng Zhou, Susan M. Morgan, Andrew Bartlett

期刊论文

Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes

Qian Wang, Qionghua Zhang, Mawuli Dzakpasu, Nini Chang, Xiaochang Wang

期刊论文

Advances in LID BMPs research and practice for urban runoff control in China

Haifeng JIA, Hairong YAO, Shaw L. YU

期刊论文

Removal of non-point pollutants from bridge runoff by a hydrocyclone using natural water head

Jianghua YU, Yeonseok KIM, Youngchul KIM

期刊论文

Analysis of rainfall runoff characteristics from a subtropical urban lawn catchment in South-east China

Jinliang HUANG, Zhenshun TU, Pengfei DU, Qingsheng LI, Jie LIN

期刊论文

ENHANCING RAINFALL-RUNOFF POLLUTION MODELING BY INCORPORATION OF NEGLECTED PHYSICAL PROCESSES

期刊论文

Delivering food safety

Kaye BASFORD,Richard BENNETT,Joanne DALY,Mary Ann AUGUSTIN,Snow BARLOW,Tony GREGSON,Alice LEE,Deli CHEN

期刊论文

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess

Shufang WU, Pute WU, Hao FENG, G. P. Merkley

期刊论文

南极机场冰雪跑道工程技术发展现状与展望

孙波,唐学远,肖恩照,时小松,程绪宇,李霖,魏福海,张体军

期刊论文

Integrated uncertain models for runoff forecasting and crop planting structure optimization of the Shiyang

Fan ZHANG, Mo LI, Shanshan GUO, Chenglong ZHANG, Ping GUO

期刊论文

一种用于淮河上游日径流预测的增强型LSTM模型

满媛媛, 杨勤丽, 邵俊明, 王国庆, 白林龙, 薛运宏

期刊论文